TENTH GRADE MATH ALGEBRA II

ESSENTIAL LEARNINGS

 

First semester: Units 1 through 4 (90 hours)

Unit 1. Equations and inequalities (20 hours)

Unit 2. Linear relations and functions (20 hours)

Unit 3. Systems of equations and inequalities (20 hours)

Unit 4. Polynomials: products and factoring: (30 hours)

Second semester: Units 5 through 10 (90 hours)

Unit 5.  Roots, irrational numbers, and complex numbers (20 hours)

Unit 6. Quadratic equations  (15 hours)

Unit 7. Quadratic relations and functions (10 hours)

Unit 8. Polynomial Functions (15 hours)

Unit 9. Rational polynomial expressions (20 hours)

Unit 10: Introduction to trigonometry (10hours)

Unit 11: Probability and statistics (optional)

 

Unit 1. Equations and inequalities: (20 hours)

10A2.1.1. The student will: (12 hours)

-          Use the order of operations to evaluate expressions;

-          use formulas

-          determine if a number belongs to the set of natural numbers, integers, rational; numbers,  irrational numbers, or real numbers;

-          use the propeties of real numbers to simplify expressions;

-          solve equations using the properties of equalities;

-          translate word expressions into mathematical expressions;

-          translate word sentences into equations;

-          use equations to solve problems.

10A2.1.2. The student will: ( 8 hours)

-          solve linear inequalities in the set of real numbers;

-          apply correctly multiplication and division of  an inequality by a negative number;

-          relate concepts: open interval, closed interval, semi-open interval to inequalities;

-          express an interval in the set of real numbers by using inequality, set notation and graphically on a number line;

-          solve linear inequalities in the set of real numbers;

-          identify and solve compound sentences using and and or;

-          solve equations containing absolute value;

-          solve linear inequalities involving absolute value in the set of real numbers and express the solution as an inequality, using set notation and graphically on the real number line;

 

Unit 2. Linear relations and functions: (20 hours) 

10A2.2.1. The student will: (10 hours)

-          graph a relation, state its domain and range, and determine if the relation is a function;

-          find the values of functions for given elements of the domain;

-          identify equations that are linear and graph them;

-          write linear equations in standard form;

-          determine the slope and intercepts of a line

-          use the slope and intercepts to graph a line

-          determine if two lines a parallel, perpendicular or neither.

10A2.2.2. The student will: (10 hours)

-          write the slope intercept form of an equation given the slope and a point, or two points

-          write the standard form of an equation given the slope and a point or two points

-          write the equation of a line that is parallel or perpendicular to the graph of a given equation;

-          draw a scatter plot and find the prediction equation

-          draw graphs of inequalities in two vaariables

-          write an inequality to solve problems

 

Unit 3. Systems linear of equations and inequalities: (20 hours) 

10A2.3.1. The student will: ( 15 hours)

-          graph a system of two linear equations with two unknows and find the solution as intercept of two lines on the graph (GC);

-          solve a system of two linear equations with two unknowns by using substition method or elimination method;

-          find the value of a second order determinant

-          solve a system of equations using Cramerīs Rule;

-          solve system of equations in three variables using substitution, elimination or Cramerīs Rule

-          solve problems involving two or three unknowns.

10A2.3.2. The student will: (5 hours)

-          find solution to the system of linear inequalities by graphing (GC);

-          understand concepts: feasible region, constraints;

-          solve text problems that recquire use of the system of linear inequalities (GC);

 

Unit 4. Polynomials: products and factoring (30 hours) 

10A2.4.1. The student will: ( 15 hours)

-          multiply monomials and powers of monomials

-          divide monomials

-          add and subtract polynomials

-          multiply polynomials: squared binomial, cubed binomial, sum and difference binomial, common term binomial, binomial times a polynomial and foil.

-          Calculate the power of a binomial using Pascalīs Triangle.

10A2.4.2. The student will: (15 hours)

-          factor polynomials: common factor,  difference of squares, sum or difference of cubes, trinomial with perfect squares, second degree trinomials (x2 + bx + c and ax2 + bx + c), and polymials in which first and fourth terms are cubes;

-          divide polynomials using factoring and long division;

-          divide polynomials using synthetic division.

 

Unit 5. Irrational and complex numbers: (20 hours)

10A2.5.1 The student will: (10 hours)

-          simplify radicals having various indices

-          simplify radical expressions using multiplication and division

-          rationalize the denominator of a fraction containing a radical expression

-          add, subtract, multiply, and divide radical expressions

-          write expressions with rational exponents in simplest radical form and vice versa

-          evaluate expressions in either exponential or radical form

-          simplifly expressions containing rational exponents

-          solve equations containing radicals

10A2.5.2 The student will: ( 10 hours)

-          simplify radicals containing negative radicands

-          multiply pure imaginary numbers

-          solved quadratic equations that have pure imaginary solutions

-          add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers

-          simplify rational expressions containing complex numbers in the denominator.

 

Unit 6. Quadratic equations: (15 hours)

10A2.6.1 The student will: ( 15 hours)

-          solve quadratic equations by graphing, factoring, by completing the square and using the quadratic formula

-          use discriminant to determine the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation

-          find the sum and product of the roots of a quadratic equation

-          find all possible integral roots of a quadratic equation

-          find quadratic equations to fit a given condition

 

Unit 7. Quadratic relations and functions: (10 hours) 

10A2.7.1 The student will: (5 hours)

-          write functions in quadratic form

-          identify the quadratic term, the linear term, and the constant term of a quadratic function

-          graph quadratic equations of the form y = (x – h)2 + k, and identify the vertex and the equations of the axis of symmetry of a parabola

-          graph equations fo the  form y = a (x – h)2 + k, and identify the vertex, the equation of the axis of symmetry, and the direction of the opening

10A2.7.2 The student will: ( 5 hours)

-          determine the equation of a parabola from given information about the graph

-          solve problems using quadratic equations

-          graph quadratic inequalities

-          solve quadratic inequalities in one variable.

 

Unit 8. Polynomial Functions: ( 15 hours)

10A2.8.1 The student will: ( 15 hours)

-          evaluate polynomial functions

-          identify general shapes of the graphs of polynomial functions

-          find factors of polynomials using the factor theorem and synthetic division

-          find the number of positive real zeros, negative real zeros, and complex zeros for a polynomial function

-          identify all posible rational zeros of a polynomial function using the Rational Zero Theorem

-          find zeros of a polynomial function

-          graph polynomial functions to find significant points

-          find the composition of functions

-          determine the inverse of a function or relation

-          graph a function and its inverse.

 

Unit 9. Rational polynomial expressions: (20 hours) 

10A2.9.1 The student will: (20 hours)

-          solve problems involving direct, inverse, and joint variation

-          simplify rational expressions

-          simplify complex fractions

-          find the least common denominator of  two or more algebraic expressions

-          add and subtract rational expressions

-          solve rational equations

-          use rational expressions to solve problems

 

Unit 10. Introduction to trigonometry: (10 hours)

10A2.10.1 The student will: (10 hours)

-          change radian measure to degree measure and vice versa

-          identify coterminal angles

-          find the least possible angle that is coterminal to a given angle

-          find the values of expressions involving sine, cosine, and tangent

-          use a calculator to find values of trigonometric functions

-          use right triangles to find trigonometric values

-          solve problems involving right triangles using right triangle trigonometry

 

Unit 11. Statistics and probability (optional) (20 hours)

10A2.11.1 The student will: (10 hours)

-    represent data using line plots and stem-and-leaf plots

-          read and interpret data from line plots and stem-and-leaf plots

-          find the median, mode, and mean of sets of data

-          use the median, mode, and mean to interpret data

-          find the range and interquartile range for a set of data

-          determine if any values in a set of data are outliers

-          represent data using box-and-whiskers plots

-          find the standard deviation for a set of data

-          solve problems involving normally distributed data

10A2.11.2 The student will: (10 hours)

-          solve problems using the Basic Counting Principle

-          solve problems involving permutations

-          solve problems involving circular permutations

-          solve problems involving combinations

-          find the probability of an event and determine the odds of a success or failure

-          find the probability of two or more independent or dependent events

-          find the probability of mutually exclusive events or inclusive events

-          use simulation to solve various probability problems

-          use binomial experiments to find probabilities.

 

TENTH GRADE ALGEGRA II STANDARDS

 

AII/T.1. The student will identify field properties, axioms of equality and inequality, and properties of order that are valid for the set of real numbers and its subsets, and complex numbers.

AII/T.2.  The student will add, subtract, multiply, divide, and simplify rational expressions, including complex fractions.

AII/T.3.  The student will

·          Add, subtract, multiply, divide, and simplify radical expressions containing positive rational numbers and variables and expressions containing rational exponents; and

·          Write radical expressions as expressions containing rational exponents and vice versa.

 

AII/T.4  The student will solve absolute value equations and inequalities graphically. Graphing calculators will be used both as a primary method of solution and to verify algebraic solutions.

AII/T.5  The student will identify and factor completely polynomials representing the difference of squares, perfect square trinomials, the sum and difference of cubes, and general trinomials.

AII/T.6.  The student will select, justify, and apply a technique to solve a quadratic equation over the set of complex numbers.  Graphing calculators will be used for solving and confirming algebraic solutions.

AII/T.7.  The student will solve equations containing rational expressions and equations containing radical expressions algebraically and graphically.  Graphing calculators will be used both as a primary tool for solving and confirming algebraic solutions.

AII/T.8.   The student will recognize multiple representations of functions (linear, quadratic, and absolute value) and convert between a graph, a table, and symbolic form. 

AII/T.9.  The student will find the domain, range, zeros, and inverse of a function the value of a function for a given element in its domain; and the composition of multiple functions.  Functions will include those that have domains and ranges that are limited and/or discontinuous

AII/T.10   The student will investigate and describe the relationships between the solution of an equation, zero of a function, x-intercept of a graph, and factors of a polynomial expression through the use of graphs.

AII/T.13   The student will solve a system of linear inequalities with and without the use of a graphing calculator.

AII/T.15.  The student will recognize the general shape of polynomial functions, locate the zeros, sketch the graphs, and verify graphical solutions algebraically.  The  graphing calculator will be used as a tool to investigate the shape and behavior of polynomial functions.

AII/T.17.  The student will perform operations on complex numbers and express the results in simplest form.  Simplifying results will involve using patterns of the powers of i.

AII/T.20.  The student will solve practical problems involving a combination of direct and inverse variations.

AII/T.22.  The student, given the value of one trigonometric function, will find the values of the other trigonometric functions.  Properties of the unit circle and definitions of circular functions will be applied.

AII/T.23.  The student will find the values of the trigonometric functions of the special angles and their related angles as found in the unit circle without the aid of a calculating utility.   This will include converting radians to degrees and vice versa.

MA.4        The sudent will expand binomials having positive integral exponents through the use of the Binomial Theorem and Pascalīs Triangle.